Scraper and grader



' Maf, 27, 19:23.`

ECALKINS' ET AL SGRAPER AND GRADER a nue MMS 'FP/Vu w. E. cALKlNs ET `L Mar.

SCRAPER LAND GRADElR a Filed Jan. 14, 1922. 3 sheets-sheet 5 remates sata2?, 1923..

FRANK r. HALL; or sALIDA, j-AND WILLIE s. AssIGNons or ONE-FOURTH-TOSARAH A.' FOURTH To GEORGIA A. cALKINs, or eUNmsON, COLORADO.

HALL, or SALIDA, COLORADO, AND ONE- SRAPER AND GRADEB. i

Application alednnary 14, 1922 sgfiaifm..r5ae,se1.

To aZZ- 'whom t may cof/wem it known that we, FRANK P. HALL and E.'CALKINs, citizens of the United States, residing at Salida and Gunnison, re# 'spectively, in the counties of Chaffee and Gunnison, respectively, and State of Colorado, have invented certain-new and useful Improvements in Scrapers and Graders, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to radingmachines vor Scrapers such as are user? on roads yfOr-the purpose of leveling the road or in leveling farm lands, this particular type of grader or leveler being desi ned for ythe purpose-of cutting down smal hollows in the road or surface the road or surface smooth.

The general object of this invention is to provide a machine for; this purpose which is particularly effective 1n action and iny which the blade carrying frame may be raised or lowered relative to the ground to any height desired. A

A further object is to provide a leveler or so as to make grader of this character having a series of parallel blades, the blades being mounted for `swingin., movement, andsmeans being pro-` adjusted with reference to the line ofedraft.

Astill further object is to provide means whereby the draft may be applied evenly and uniformly to the frame, blades and tothe runners when the latter are in use.

Still another object is to provide a roller mounted at the rear end of the runnerslor supporting frame, which may be shifted into or out of operative position so as to be used 40 in rolling the ground or road after the- Scrapers have passed over it, or which may be used when the runners are lowered t'o give a rolling support to the rear end of the'- frame, means being provided whereby a supporting wheel may be disposed at the 'forward end of the'frame for supporting it, thus permitting the device to -be readily transported from lace to place.

Another object V1s to provide means where- 59 by the line of draft may be caused to assume an angular relation to the axial line of the machine.

Other objects have to do with the details l hills and filling'small Y V of construction and arrangement of parts as will appear morefully hereinafter.

Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein igure l isa side elevation of a scraper and gradcrconstructed in accordance with our invention; i

Figure 2 isa longitudinal sectional view of the scraper and grader;

F gure is a top plan view thereof; i:Figure 4 is an under side plan View thereo section' on the line. 5 .5 of Figure 1;,l

Flgure 6 isa frafrmentaryvertical section on the line 6-6 ot'lFigure l;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary perspective l Figure 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal lca'IpKIivs, or GUivNIsON, coLonAno,

view of oneof the scraper blades, showing the member32 attached thereto;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary vertical section through the beam 2l. and slot 5,1;

,Frigure) isa yfragmentary side elevation showing a modified form of the construction whereby the runners are Jraisedvor loweredy i Figure 10 is a fragmentary cross sectional-A lview on the line 10-410 of Figure 9;

Referring tothe drawings, it will be seen that'we provide a scraper supporting frame i and laterally disposed/runners, these runners 30 vided w iereby the blades may be angularly being so' connected to the scraper supporting frame that the sera er suppor may be .elevated oiydn runners so as to pe'Jv l it the machine 'to be ing iframe ressed relative to the= readily transported, changeithe distance between the scraping blades fand the and otherwiseadjust the blades.

`More particularly`,the runners, which are designated 10,- extend longitudinally in grounds spaced parallel relation to' each otherv and f are longer than. the scraper supporting so as to permit the' section A 4to turn upon y the hinge 11 -andbe raised relative thereto.

The two rear-sections A of the runners are connected by a transverse bolt 12, and disf.

posed between the rear ends of the sections A is a roller 13, This roller is rotatably mounted at its ends in levers 14 which are pivoted to the rear section of therunners Aso that the roller may be raised or lowered to any` extent desired.

he main fra-me consists of the medially disposed reach bar 15, the rearwardly diverging, longitudinally 'extending frame bars 16, and the transverse bars 17, 18, 19'/ `connected at its ends by chains 26 to the forward ends of the runners l0. Disposed between the longitudinally extending beams 21 and the outer ends of the beams 17, 18, 19 and 20 is a longitudinally extending strip of metal 27, and below thisvstrip is the l'ongitudinally extending strip 28 which, be-

tween the 4transverse beams 17, 18, 19 and 20, is c ut away on an arcuateline, as at 29, these strips or plates 28 constituting guides.

Disposed'below the longitudinal beams 15 and 16 and between the transverse beams 17, 18, 19 and 2O are the scraper blades 30. Each of these blades is pivotally mounted upon a bolt or spindle 31 extending upward through the beam 15, and the outer ends of these blades at their upper edges are provided with clips 32 which embrace `the edgek of the guide 28, as illustrated most' clearly in Figure 6. Thus it will be seen that all of these scraper blades 30 have parallel oscillating movement. The ends of each scraper blade are provided with the shackles 33 and connecting these shackles are the longitudinallyextending links 34. Pivotally mounted below the block 24 is an equalizer 35 to which the end links 34 are pivotally connected.

It is to be particularly noted that the blades diier in depth of cut,.each blade bei ing a little deeper than the blade in advance,

v that is the blades are deeper rearwardso that the second blade will make a slightly greater cut than the first blade and the third blade will make a slightly deeper cut than the second blade. The blades are shifted i to or from a position at right angles to the line of draft or the longitudinal axis 'f the blade supporting frame by means f cables 36 which pass over pulleys 37 mou ted upon the rear beam 20, these cables then 39 supported in brackets 40 on the mai frame, these shafts beingprovided wit passing to drums ,38 mounted upon shafs The ends of the transverse hand wheels 41 whereby the shafts may be rotated to wind the cable up upon the drums. Means must be provided for holding each wheel in its'adjusted position and We have illustrated for this purpose a locking lever 42 pivoted at ,r3 and adapted to be shifted so as to engag ywith the corresponding wheel to lock it fro-- rotating movement, the rear end of the lever constituting means so disposed rela/Aide to the drivers seat 44 that the lever. may be readily kicked in or kicked out to lock one or the other Wheels.

It will be understood that' when it'is dee sired to shiftthe blades out of their right angular relation -to the axis of the main frame, one of the wheels is turned to wind up the cable upon the drum, While the otherA wheel is turned to release the cable upon l its drum. `Then when the blades are adjusted, both of the wheels are locked in place. l

It will be seen that withthe construction illustrated, the strain upon the blades is I transmitted to all of the blades and tothe equalizer bar 35 and to the cables so tha no one blade is submitted to too great `a str in.

It will likewise be noted that th bladesare disposedat a slight downward and `forward angle. The cables are prevented from running oft' the pulleys 37 by an suitable means, as for instance the cable r tainers 45. Any other suitable means for reventing the cables from running off the pulleys may be used, however.

Where the runners 10 are madein two sections' A and B, it is necessary to hold. thes'e sections in alignment under someicircumstances, and to that en d we providept'he be raised into angular position, lwe associate withi` each spring 46 the downwardly exrtending shaft 49 having a handle at its` up-^ per end, this shaft being formed with a slotted cam 50 disposed behind `thespring leaf so that when this handle `is turned in one position the cam will shift the free Vend of the spring outward and carry the pin 47 out from the socket 48 and when the shaft is turnedin the opposite tdirection'thespring leaf will `spring inward and the pin will en. gage `"the socket. Y

The only purpose of Vhavingjtherunners formed in two sections is to permit the rear sections to be turnedupwardrelative `to the llt) incassa forward runner sections so as to thereby reduce the total length of themachine and permit it to make relatively short turns and to be disposed more conveniently vin a barn or shed. Ordinarily, however, the 'twosections of the runners will be in alignment with each other, and even in moving over roads having veryshort turns there will be no necessity of turning up the rear sections, as the roller 13 will permit the rear portion of the runnersI to slide relative to the for'- Ward portion and thus permit a short turn to be made. We do not Wish to be limited, therefore, to the use of runners made in two sections and to the locking means which we have disclosed.

It is, ofcourse, necessary that the blade carrying frame or main frame shall be adjustable in a vertical plane relative to the runners 10. To this end the forward and rear-'nds ofthe beams 21 are formed with longitudinally extending slots 51, and disposed upbn the exterior of these beams are the forward and rear bell crank or angular levers 52. The pivotal support for these levers is constituted by a transverse pin carrying a roller 43 or anti-friction bearing operating Within the corresponding slot 51 so that these levers not onl havea rocking motion but a. longitudina motion also in the beams 21. The forward ends of these bell crank levers 52 are pivotally engaged with the runners and specifically, as illustrated, with the forward and rear ends Iof the forward sections B of the runners.

As illustrated in Figure l, each rear bell crank lever 52 is connected t@ the corresponding arm of the first bell crank lever 52 by inea-ns of a connecting rod 55 so as to secure unitary motion of the two levers, and as illustrated in Figure 1, the rear lever 52 is upwardly extended and then laterally extended, as at 56, to form a handlel disposed adjacent the seat 44 so that the driver may. shift this lever. The rear lever v52 carries a tooth 4which is adapted to engage with a rack 57- over which it operates, the lever beingl suiiiciently resilient so that it may be shifted laterally to carry its tooth oiitvof engagement with the rack and to spring back with its tooth in en'ffagement with the rack. Any other suitab e means may be provided for this purpose. The construction which we have illustrated-in Figure l is a particularly. simple construction but it is `not preferable for the reason that thedriver must exert too much strength in order to raise and lower the frame relativev to the runners. and preferably the construction illustrated in' Figure 9 is used for this purpose.

In this case the forward and rear levers are connected' by links 58 to a rack bar 59, and mounted upon a bracket 60 carried upon the corresponding runner 21 is a transverse shaft 61 carrying a gear wheel 62 adapted to engage with the' rack 59l The inner end` of this shaft 6l is mounted in a bracket 63, in turn mounted upon the corresponding beam 6l, the end of this shaft carrying a hand wheelt. The shaft 61 is resiliently supported so as to permit the relative movement of the scraper supporting frame and the runners. The links 58 permit the rack bar 59 toalways remain in Contact with the gear wheel 62.` A housing 59a is carried bythe bracket 60 and engages 'readily adjust the runners at any time.

VIt will be obvious that by raising one runner relative to the frame and depressing the other runner relative to the frame that the blades will be disposed iii a downwardlyj and laterally inclined position and that when both runners are disposed in the same relation to the frame the blades will extend horizontally. Thus the machine may be driven along one side of a road and may fbe caused to conform to the crowning of the ioad. The machine may be adjusted very readily to conform to irregularities in the contour of the ground. y

Preferably the upwardly `extending.`levers 14 which carry the roller 13V will both be connected by connecting rods 65 to foot vlevers G6 pivoted at 67, each lever carrying a dog` 68 adapted to engage with a ratchet rack (.39 to'thereby hold the pedal or foot lever in adJusted position. Thus the roller may be depressed or raised as desired relative to the runners.

ice

l ln order that-'draft may be applied at an angle to the axial line of the machine and j f the machine prevented from slewing around in line with the line of draft, we rovide the links 70 which are pivoted at 71, t e'forward ends of the links being perforated for the passage of a pin 72, this pin being adapted to extend through any one of the holes 73 formed in the devis-22.n Thus it will be obvious that the tongue or clevis ma be held at any desired angular relation to the line of draft,

In order to permit the machine to be il .readily transported over roads from place to place, a socket 74 is formed in the forward end of the reach bar 15, this socket being adapted to support the pintle .of a easter wheel which may be inserted from beneath and will thus support the forward end cf thel framewhile the rear end of the frame may be supported by the roller 13. The casterv wheel is shown in dotted lines in lligurer. The operation of the mechanismI will be obviousY from what has gone bet'ore;v and it..

l,thus raise or depress the blades, and it will be obvious that the old supporting frame may be mounted relative to the runners so that the blades are disposed in a downwardly and laterally inclined direction.' The angle of the blades may be changed very quickly and to suit the Aexigencies of yservice andthe blades are held'tirmly in this inclined position while they are cutting and fully supported against strain." This machine ref quires only one man to operate it. .The blades cut the high places in `the road or ground andcarry the dirtfit cuts ofi' to the low places, thus fillingthem up. It digs no holes and is particularly valuable in 'evening ofi the plow land. By using runners in place of wheelsgnand `.making these runners relatively long., Athe machine will not dip into the hollows,1thus cutting the hollows deeper, and will not cut too deeply in passing over small hills, Whereas were wheels used it would follow every. inequality in the ground and would not, therefore, act to level the ground properly. 'The draft is all on the Aworking` parts and the blades are' fully supportedagainst the strain to which they are subjected. All partsfas far as possible are made of malleable cast iron. The blades, of c0ursfervillbe of steel. The frame and the runners may be of wood but the runners,

if made f Wood, will be shod with runner shoes. f

While we 'have lillustrated a construction which is'particlarly ellicient for the purpose described, we do not wish to be limited to this as it is obvious that many changes might be [Ina-ile in the details of this construction and arrangement ot parts without departimcr from the spirit of the invention.

1. In' a grading machine of the character described. a pair of parallel runners, airame disposed between the runners and' including elements extending parallel to the runners` blades mounted upon the frame, means whereby the frame may be vertically' adjusted relative to the runners, said means comprising a plurality of levers on each side of the machine, each lerer being pirotally connected to one o1"- the longitudinal meme issn bers of the frame and to one of the runners, and manually operable means whereby the levers may be shifted to vertically adjust the runners relative to the frame.

2. ln a grading machine of the character described, oppositely disposed runners, a

masses frame disposed between the runners, blades mounted upon the frame, manually operable means whereby the frame may be vertically adjusted relatire to the runners, said means connecting'the runners to the frame, said blades 'bemg mounted upon the frame vtor swinging adjustment relative to the line of draft, each of Said blades being pivoted at its middle tothe frame for movement into or out of right angular relation to the axis of the frame, links connecting the free ends of the blades to each other, and means mounted upon the frame whereby the blades may be swung upon their pivots ineither direction.

3. In a grader of the character described, oppositel i disposed, spaced runners, a. frame disposed etween the runners, manually operable means connecting the frame to the runners and permitting the frame toibe ver tica-ily adjusted relative to the runners, said -means permitting the adjustment of one side of the frame independently of the other side of the frame, a s eries of transversely extending blades mounted beneath the frame, each blade being pivoted at its middle to the frame, links connecting the ends of the blades to each other, and manually operable means mounted i upon theqframe whereby the blades may be shifted into or out ot' a position at right angles to 'the axis of the frame.

4. rln a grader oi the character described, oppositely disposed. spaced runners, a frame disposed between the runners, manually operable means connecting the frame to the runners and permitting the Jframe to be vertically adjusted relative to the runners, said means permittingy the adjustment of one sidev of the frame independently of the other side of the trame', a -series of transversely extending;r bladesfmounted beneath the frame, each blade being pivoted at its middle to the frame, links connecting the ends of the blades to each other, and manually operable means mounted upon the frame whereby the blades may be shifted into or outof a posicion at right angles tothe axis of the-frame, the bla/de supportingr frame being provided with arcuate guides at the ends of the blades, the ends of the blades slidingly engaging said ,guides .M

5. A grader of the character described comprising oppositely disposed, spaced runners, a frame disposed between'the runners and having longitudinally extending slots, angular levers pivoted at one end of the runners and intermediate their ends having inwardly projecting bearings having recip! rocating and oscillating movement in said. slots, and manually operable means connected to the upper end of said angular levers whereby the angular levers may. be shifted to thereby vertically adjustthe supporting frame relative rto the runners.

6. In a grader of the character described,-

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a blade supporting frame, means for supporting the frame,` a series of blades pivoted each at its middle to said frame for swinging movement into or out of a position at right angles to the length of the frame, links connecting the ends of said blades, guides supporting the ends of the blades, cables conf nected to the ends of the rearmost blade, pulleys on the frame over whichl said cables pass, independent winding drums mounted upon the frame and upon which said cables are wound, hand Wheels for the winding drums, and means for locking the hand wheels in any desired position.

7. A grader of the character described comprising a blade supporting frame, laterally disposed runners on each side of the blade supporting frame, means connecting the frame to said runners and permitting vertical movement of the fra-ine relative thereto, means for verticallyA adjusting the y .blades and holding them in their shifted positions, levers mounted upon the rear ends of the runners, manually controlled means for shifting said levers, and a roller carried by l the lower ends of said levers and depressible thereby below the lower edges of the runners sections being hinged to the'forward sections for upward movement in a vertical plane into a rearwardly `and upwardly extending position, and means for detachably locking the rear sections in alignment with the front sections. y'

`9. In a grader of the character described,

longitudinally extending runners, a scraper supporting frame mounted between the runners for vertical adjustments with relation thereto, a reach bar connected at. the forward 'end of the frame and having a vertically extending socket adapted to receive the pintle of a caster Wheel to thus support the forward end of the frame upon said'caster wheel, and ground engaging means ai the rear end of the runners and depressible below the runners to support the same.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aix our signatures.

WILLIE E.` CALKINS. FRANK P. HALL. 

